Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Phosphorus vs Magnesium
Compare Phosphorus and Magnesium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Phosphorus vs Magnesium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare P vs Mg on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Phosphorus and Magnesium comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Phosphorus and Magnesium Comparison
Facts
| Name | Phosphorus | Magnesium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 15 | 12 |
| Atomic Symbol | P | Mg |
| Atomic Weight | 30.973761 | 24.305 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Colorless | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Other Nonmetal | Alkaline Earth Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 15 | group 2 |
| Group Name | nitrogen family | beryllium family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 3 | period 3 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | s -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 | [Ne] 3s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 5 | 2, 8, 2 |
| Melting Point | 317.3 K | 923 K |
| Boiling Point | 553.6 K | 1363 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7723-14-0 | CAS7439-95-4 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Phosphorus | Neighborhood Elements of Magnesium |
History
| Parameter | Phosphorus | Magnesium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Phosphorus was discovered by H. Brand in year 1669 in Germany. Phosphorus derived its name from the Greek word phoosphoros, 'carrying light'. | The element Magnesium was discovered by J. Black in year 1755 in United Kingdom. Magnesium derived its name from Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece. |
| Discovery | H. Brand (1669) | J. Black (1755) |
| Isolated | H. Brand (1669) | H. Davy (1808) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Phosphorus | Magnesium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 7000 / 300 | 600000 / 30000 |
| Abundance in Sun | 7000 / 300 | 700000 / 30000 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 1100000 / 700000 | 120000000 / 100000000 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 1000000 / 700000 | 29000000 / 25000000 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 70 / 14 | 1326000 / 337000 |
| Abundance in Humans | 11000000 / 2200000 | 270000 / 70000 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Phosphorus | Magnesium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 16.991 cm3/mol | 13.984 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 98 pm | 145 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 106 pm | 130 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 180 pm | 173 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum | Not available |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 1145, 550.3, 1126.1 pm | 320.94, 320.94, 521.08 pm |
| Lattice Angle | 1.25384, 1.57725, 1.24896 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
| Space Group Name | P-1 | P63/mmc |
| Space Group Number | 2 | 194 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Triclinic  | Simple Hexagonal  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Phosphorus | Magnesium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 15 | 12 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 15 | 12 |
| Number of Protons | 15 | 12 |
| Mass Number | 30.973761 | 24.305 |
| Number of Neutrons | 16 | 12 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 5 | 2, 8, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 | [Ne] 3s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 3s2 3p3 | 3s2 |
| Oxidation State | -3, 3, 5 | 2 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 4S3/2 | 1S0 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Phosphorus has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Magnesium has 3 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Phosphorus | Magnesium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 24P, 25P, 26P, 27P, 28P, 29P, 30P, 31P, 32P, 33P, 34P, 35P, 36P, 37P, 38P, 39P, 40P, 41P, 42P, 43P, 44P, 45P, 46P | 19Mg, 20Mg, 21Mg, 22Mg, 23Mg, 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg, 27Mg, 28Mg, 29Mg, 30Mg, 31Mg, 32Mg, 33Mg, 34Mg, 35Mg, 36Mg, 37Mg, 38Mg, 39Mg, 40Mg |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 31P | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.18 | 0.063 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0002 | 0.0001 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Phosphorus | Magnesium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 5 | 2 |
| Electronegativity | 2.19 Pauling Scale | 1.31 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 72 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol 4th: 4963.6 kJ/mol 5th: 6273.9 kJ/mol 6th: 21267 kJ/mol 7th: 25431 kJ/mol 8th: 29872 kJ/mol 9th: 35905 kJ/mol 10th: 40950 kJ/mol 11th: 46261 kJ/mol 12th: 54110 kJ/mol 13th: 59024 kJ/mol 14th: 271791 kJ/mol 15th: 296195 kJ/mol | 1st: 737.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 1450.7 kJ/mol 3rd: 7732.7 kJ/mol 4th: 10542.5 kJ/mol 5th: 13630 kJ/mol 6th: 18020 kJ/mol 7th: 21711 kJ/mol 8th: 25661 kJ/mol 9th: 31653 kJ/mol 10th: 35458 kJ/mol 11th: 169988 kJ/mol 12th: 189368 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Property | Phosphorus | Magnesium |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.823 g/cm3 | 1.738 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 16.991 cm3/mol | 13.984 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | - | 45 |
| Shear Modulus | - | 17 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 11 GPa | 45 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - | 0.29 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | 2.5 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | - | 260 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 10000000 S/m | 23000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 1e-7 m Ω | 4.4e-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.236 W/(m K) | 160 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | - | 0.0000082 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.13e-8 m3/kg | 6.9e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -3.5e-10 m3/mol | 1.68e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000206 | 0.000012 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | 1.001212 | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | - | 4602 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Phosphorus | Magnesium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 317.3 K | 923 K |
| Boiling Point | 553.6 K | 1363 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 0.64 kJ/mol | 8.7 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 12.4 kJ/mol | 128 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | -668 J/(kg K) |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Phosphorus | Magnesium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7723-14-0 | CAS7439-95-4 |
| RTECS Number | {N/A, RTECSTH3495000, RTECSTH3500000, N/A} | - |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | {1338, 1381, 2447} | {1869,1418} |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 4 | 1 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 4 | 0 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 2 | 1 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | 472 °C |
| Flashpoint | - | 500 °C |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Phosphorus and Magnesium with other elements of the periodic table.