Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Phosphorus vs Selenium
Compare Phosphorus and Selenium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Phosphorus vs Selenium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare P vs Se on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Phosphorus and Selenium comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Phosphorus and Selenium Comparison
Facts
| Name | Phosphorus | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 15 | 34 |
| Atomic Symbol | P | Se |
| Atomic Weight | 30.973761 | 78.96 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Colorless | Gray |
| Metallic Classification | Other Nonmetal | Other Nonmetal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 15 | group 16 |
| Group Name | nitrogen family | oxygen family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 3 | period 4 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 5 | 2, 8, 18, 6 |
| Melting Point | 317.3 K | 494 K |
| Boiling Point | 553.6 K | 958 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7723-14-0 | CAS7782-49-2 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Phosphorus | Neighborhood Elements of Selenium |
History
| Parameter | Phosphorus | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Phosphorus was discovered by H. Brand in year 1669 in Germany. Phosphorus derived its name from the Greek word phoosphoros, 'carrying light'. | The element Selenium was discovered by J. Berzelius and G. Gahn in year 1817 in Sweden. Selenium derived its name from the Greek selene, meaning 'moon'. |
| Discovery | H. Brand (1669) | J. Berzelius and G. Gahn (1817) |
| Isolated | H. Brand (1669) | J. Berzelius and G. Gahn (1817) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Phosphorus | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 7000 / 300 | 30 / 0.5 |
| Abundance in Sun | 7000 / 300 | - / - |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 1100000 / 700000 | 13000 / 2900 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 1000000 / 700000 | 50 / 10 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 70 / 14 | 0.45 / 0.035 |
| Abundance in Humans | 11000000 / 2200000 | 50 / 4 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Phosphorus | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 16.991 cm3/mol | 16.385 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 98 pm | 103 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 106 pm | 116 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 180 pm | 190 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum | Not available |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 1145, 550.3, 1126.1 pm | 905.4, 908.3, 1160.1 pm |
| Lattice Angle | 1.25384, 1.57725, 1.24896 | π/2, 1.58493, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | P-1 | P121/c1 |
| Space Group Number | 2 | 14 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Triclinic  | Simple Monoclinic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Phosphorus | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 15 | 34 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 15 | 34 |
| Number of Protons | 15 | 34 |
| Mass Number | 30.973761 | 78.96 |
| Number of Neutrons | 16 | 45 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 5 | 2, 8, 18, 6 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 |
| Valence Electrons | 3s2 3p3 | 4s2 4p4 |
| Oxidation State | -3, 3, 5 | -2, 2, 4, 6 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 4S3/2 | 3P2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Phosphorus has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Selenium has 5 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Phosphorus | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 24P, 25P, 26P, 27P, 28P, 29P, 30P, 31P, 32P, 33P, 34P, 35P, 36P, 37P, 38P, 39P, 40P, 41P, 42P, 43P, 44P, 45P, 46P | 65Se, 66Se, 67Se, 68Se, 69Se, 70Se, 71Se, 72Se, 73Se, 74Se, 75Se, 76Se, 77Se, 78Se, 79Se, 80Se, 81Se, 82Se, 83Se, 84Se, 85Se, 86Se, 87Se, 88Se, 89Se, 90Se, 91Se, 92Se, 93Se, 94Se |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 31P | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 74Se, 76Se, 77Se, 78Se, 80Se |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.18 | 11.7 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0002 | 0.0056 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Phosphorus | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 5 | 6 |
| Electronegativity | 2.19 Pauling Scale | 2.55 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 72 kJ/mol | 195 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol 4th: 4963.6 kJ/mol 5th: 6273.9 kJ/mol 6th: 21267 kJ/mol 7th: 25431 kJ/mol 8th: 29872 kJ/mol 9th: 35905 kJ/mol 10th: 40950 kJ/mol 11th: 46261 kJ/mol 12th: 54110 kJ/mol 13th: 59024 kJ/mol 14th: 271791 kJ/mol 15th: 296195 kJ/mol | 1st: 941 kJ/mol 2nd: 2045 kJ/mol 3rd: 2973.7 kJ/mol 4th: 4144 kJ/mol 5th: 6590 kJ/mol 6th: 7880 kJ/mol 7th: 14990 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Property | Phosphorus | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.823 g/cm3 | 4.819 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 16.991 cm3/mol | 16.385 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | - | 10 |
| Shear Modulus | - | 3.7 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 11 GPa | 8.3 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - | 0.33 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | 2 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | - | 736 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 10000000 S/m | - |
| Resistivity | 1e-7 m Ω | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.236 W/(m K) | 0.52 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | - | - |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.13e-8 m3/kg | -4e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -3.5e-10 m3/mol | -3.16e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000206 | -0.0000193 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | 1.001212 | 1.000895 |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | - | 3350 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Phosphorus | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 317.3 K | 494 K |
| Boiling Point | 553.6 K | 958 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | 1766 K |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 0.64 kJ/mol | 5.4 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 12.4 kJ/mol | 26 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Phosphorus | Selenium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7723-14-0 | CAS7782-49-2 |
| RTECS Number | {N/A, RTECSTH3495000, RTECSTH3500000, N/A} | {N/A, RTECSVS7700000, N/A} |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | 6.1 |
| DOT Numbers | {1338, 1381, 2447} | 2658 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 4 | 0 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 4 | 2 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 2 | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Phosphorus and Selenium with other elements of the periodic table.