Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Phosphorus vs Aluminium
Compare Phosphorus and Aluminium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Phosphorus vs Aluminium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare P vs Al on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Phosphorus and Aluminium comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Phosphorus and Aluminium Comparison
Facts
| Name | Phosphorus | Aluminium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 15 | 13 |
| Atomic Symbol | P | Al |
| Atomic Weight | 30.973761 | 26.981538 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Colorless | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Other Nonmetal | Post Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 15 | group 13 |
| Group Name | nitrogen family | boron family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 3 | period 3 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 | [Ne] 3s2 3p1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 5 | 2, 8, 3 |
| Melting Point | 317.3 K | 933.47 K |
| Boiling Point | 553.6 K | 2792 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7723-14-0 | CAS7429-90-5 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Phosphorus | Neighborhood Elements of Aluminium |
History
| Parameter | Phosphorus | Aluminium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Phosphorus was discovered by H. Brand in year 1669 in Germany. Phosphorus derived its name from the Greek word phoosphoros, 'carrying light'. | The element Aluminium was discovered by H.C.Ørsted in year 1825 in Denmark. Aluminium derived its name from alumina, a compound (originally aluminum). |
| Discovery | H. Brand (1669) | H.C.Ørsted (1825) |
| Isolated | H. Brand (1669) | H.C.Ørsted (1825) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Phosphorus | Aluminium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 7000 / 300 | 50000 / 2000 |
| Abundance in Sun | 7000 / 300 | 60000 / 3000 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 1100000 / 700000 | 9300000 / 6700000 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 1000000 / 700000 | 82000000 / 63000000 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 70 / 14 | 5 / 1.1 |
| Abundance in Humans | 11000000 / 2200000 | 900 / 210 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Phosphorus | Aluminium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 16.991 cm3/mol | 9.99 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 98 pm | 118 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 106 pm | 118 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 180 pm | 184 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum | Not available |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 1145, 550.3, 1126.1 pm | 404.95, 404.95, 404.95 pm |
| Lattice Angle | 1.25384, 1.57725, 1.24896 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | P-1 | Fm_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 2 | 225 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Triclinic  | Face Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Phosphorus | Aluminium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 15 | 13 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 15 | 13 |
| Number of Protons | 15 | 13 |
| Mass Number | 30.973761 | 26.981538 |
| Number of Neutrons | 16 | 14 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 5 | 2, 8, 3 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 | [Ne] 3s2 3p1 |
| Valence Electrons | 3s2 3p3 | 3s2 3p1 |
| Oxidation State | -3, 3, 5 | 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 4S3/2 | 2P1/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Phosphorus has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Aluminium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Phosphorus | Aluminium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 24P, 25P, 26P, 27P, 28P, 29P, 30P, 31P, 32P, 33P, 34P, 35P, 36P, 37P, 38P, 39P, 40P, 41P, 42P, 43P, 44P, 45P, 46P | 21Al, 22Al, 23Al, 24Al, 25Al, 26Al, 27Al, 28Al, 29Al, 30Al, 31Al, 32Al, 33Al, 34Al, 35Al, 36Al, 37Al, 38Al, 39Al, 40Al, 41Al, 42Al |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 31P | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 27Al |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.18 | 0.233 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0002 | 0.03 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Phosphorus | Aluminium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 5 | 3 |
| Electronegativity | 2.19 Pauling Scale | 1.61 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 72 kJ/mol | 42.5 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol 4th: 4963.6 kJ/mol 5th: 6273.9 kJ/mol 6th: 21267 kJ/mol 7th: 25431 kJ/mol 8th: 29872 kJ/mol 9th: 35905 kJ/mol 10th: 40950 kJ/mol 11th: 46261 kJ/mol 12th: 54110 kJ/mol 13th: 59024 kJ/mol 14th: 271791 kJ/mol 15th: 296195 kJ/mol | 1st: 577.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1816.7 kJ/mol 3rd: 2744.8 kJ/mol 4th: 11577 kJ/mol 5th: 14842 kJ/mol 6th: 18379 kJ/mol 7th: 23326 kJ/mol 8th: 27465 kJ/mol 9th: 31853 kJ/mol 10th: 38473 kJ/mol 11th: 42647 kJ/mol 12th: 201266 kJ/mol 13th: 222316 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Property | Phosphorus | Aluminium |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.823 g/cm3 | 2.7 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 16.991 cm3/mol | 9.99 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | - | 70 |
| Shear Modulus | - | 26 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 11 GPa | 76 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - | 0.35 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | 2.75 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | 167 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | - | 245 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 10000000 S/m | 38000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 1e-7 m Ω | 2.6e-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | 1.175 |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.236 W/(m K) | 235 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | - | 0.0000231 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.13e-8 m3/kg | 7.8e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -3.5e-10 m3/mol | 2.1e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000206 | 0.0000211 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | 1.001212 | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | - | 5100 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Phosphorus | Aluminium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 317.3 K | 933.47 K |
| Boiling Point | 553.6 K | 2792 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | 1.175 |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 0.64 kJ/mol | 10.7 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 12.4 kJ/mol | 293 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Phosphorus | Aluminium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7723-14-0 | CAS7429-90-5 |
| RTECS Number | {N/A, RTECSTH3495000, RTECSTH3500000, N/A} | RTECSBD0330000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | 4.3 |
| DOT Numbers | {1338, 1381, 2447} | 1396 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 4 | 1 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 4 | 0 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 2 | 1 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | 400 °C |
| Flashpoint | - | 645 °C |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Phosphorus and Aluminium with other elements of the periodic table.