Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Magnesium vs Silicon

Compare Magnesium and Silicon on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Magnesium vs Silicon with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Mg vs Si on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Magnesium and Silicon comparison table on more than 90 properties.

Magnesium and Silicon Comparison

12 Mg - Magnesium | SchoolMyKids12 Mg Magnesium Electron Shell Structure | SchoolMyKids

Magnesium
12 - Mg

VS
14 Si - Silicon | SchoolMyKids14 Si Silicon Electron Shell Structure | SchoolMyKids

Silicon
14 - Si

Swap Silicon vs Magnesium
Periodic Table Element Comparison
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1
1
H
Hydrogen
1.008

Atomic #

Electronic Shell #

Symbol
Name
Atomic Weight
HGas
HgLiquid
CSolid
Metals
Metalloids
NonMetals
Alkali metals
Alkali earth metals
Lanthanoids
Transition metals
Post-transition metals
Other nonmetals
Halogens
Nobel gas
Actinoids
2
He
Helium
4.003
2
3
Li
Lithium
6.941
4
Be
Beryllium
9.012
5
B
Boron
10.811
6
C
Carbon
12.011
7
N
Nitrogen
14.007
8
O
Oxygen
15.999
9
F
Fluorine
18.998
10
Ne
Neon
20.180
3
11
Na
Sodium
22.990
12
Mg
Magnesium
24.305
13
Al
Aluminium
26.982
14
Si
Silicon
28.085
15
P
Phosphorus
30.974
16
S
Sulfur
32.065
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
18
Ar
Argon
39.948
4
19
K
Potassium
39.098
20
Ca
Calcium
40.078
21
Sc
Scandium
44.956
22
Ti
Titanium
47.867
23
V
Vanadium
50.941
24
Cr
Chromium
51.996
25
Mn
Manganese
54.938
26
Fe
Iron
55.845
27
Co
Cobalt
58.933
28
Ni
Nickel
58.693
29
Cu
Copper
63.546
30
Zn
Zinc
65.409
31
Ga
Gallium
69.723
32
Ge
Germanium
72.640
33
As
Arsenic
74.922
34
Se
Selenium
78.960
35
Br
Bromine
79.904
36
Kr
Krypton
83.798
5
37
Rb
Rubidium
85.468
38
Sr
Strontium
87.620
39
Y
Yttrium
88.906
40
Zr
Zirconium
91.224
41
Nb
Niobium
92.906
42
Mo
Molybdenum
95.940
43
Tc
Technetium
98
44
Ru
Ruthenium
101.070
45
Rh
Rhodium
102.906
46
Pd
Palladium
106.420
47
Ag
Silver
107.868
48
Cd
Cadmium
112.411
49
In
Indium
114.818
50
Sn
Tin
118.710
51
Sb
Antimony
121.760
52
Te
Tellurium
127.600
53
I
Iodine
126.904
54
Xe
Xenon
131.293
6
55
Cs
Cesium
132.905
56
Ba
Barium
137.327
57 - 71
La - Lu
Lanthanides
72
Hf
Hafnium
178.490
73
Ta
Tantalum
180.948
74
W
Tungsten
183.840
75
Re
Rhenium
186.207
76
Os
Osmium
190.230
77
Ir
Iridium
192.217
78
Pt
Platinum
195.078
79
Au
Gold
196.967
80
Hg
Mercury
200.590
81
Tl
Thallium
204.383
82
Pb
Lead
207.200
83
Bi
Bismuth
208.980
84
Po
Polonium
209
85
At
Astatine
210
86
Rn
Radon
222
7
87
Fr
Francium
223
88
Ra
Radium
226
89 - 103
Ac - Lr
Actinides
104
Rf
Rutherfordium
261
105
Db
Dubnium
262
106
Sg
Seaborgium
266
107
Bh
Bohrium
264
108
Hs
Hassium
269
109
Mt
Meitnerium
268
110
Ds
Darmstadtium
281
111
Rg
Roentgenium
272
112
Cn
Copernicium
285
113
Nh
Nihonium
284
114
Fl
Flerovium
289
115
Mc
Moscovium
288
116
Lv
Livermorium
292
117
Ts
Tennessine
294
118
Og
Oganesson
294
Lanthanides
57
La
Lanthanum
138.905
58
Ce
Cerium
140.116
59
Pr
Praseodymium
140.908
60
Nd
Neodymium
144.240
61
Pm
Promethium
145
62
Sm
Samarium
150.360
63
Eu
Europium
151.964
64
Gd
Gadolinium
157.250
65
Tb
Terbium
158.925
66
Dy
Dysprosium
162.500
67
Ho
Holmium
164.930
68
Er
Erbium
167.259
69
Tm
Thulium
168.934
70
Yb
Ytterbium
173.040
71
Lu
Lutetium
174.967
Actinides
89
Ac
Actinium
227
90
Th
Thorium
232.038
91
Pa
Protactinium
231.036
92
U
Uranium
238.029
93
Np
Neptunium
237
94
Pu
Plutonium
244
95
Am
Americium
243
96
Cm
Curium
247
97
Bk
Berkelium
247
98
Cf
Californium
251
99
Es
Einsteinium
252
100
Fm
Fermium
257
101
Md
Mendelevium
258
102
No
Nobelium
259
103
Lr
Lawrencium
262

Facts

NameMagnesiumSilicon
Atomic Number1214
Atomic SymbolMgSi
Atomic Weight24.305 28.0855
Phase at STPSolid Solid
ColorSilver Gray
Metallic ClassificationAlkaline Earth Metal Metalloid
Group in Periodic Tablegroup 2 group 14
Group Nameberyllium familycarbon family
Period in Periodic Tableperiod 3 period 3
Block in Periodic Tables -blockp -block
Electronic Configuration[Ne] 3s2 [Ne] 3s2 3p2
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell)2, 8, 22, 8, 4
Melting Point923 K1687 K
Boiling Point1363 K3173 K
CAS NumberCAS7439-95-4 CAS7440-21-3
Neighborhood ElementsNeighborhood Elements of MagnesiumNeighborhood Elements of Silicon

History

ParameterMagnesiumSilicon
HistoryThe element Magnesium was discovered by J. Black in year 1755 in United Kingdom. Magnesium derived its name from Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece.The element Silicon was discovered by J. Berzelius in year 1823 in Sweden. Silicon derived its name from the Latin silex, 'flint' (originally silicium).
DiscoveryJ. Black (1755)J. Berzelius (1823)
IsolatedH. Davy (1808)J. Berzelius (1823)

Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)

PropertyMagnesiumSilicon
Abundance in Universe600000 / 30000700000 / 30000
Abundance in Sun700000 / 30000900000 / 40000
Abundance in Meteorites120000000 / 100000000140000000 / 100000000
Abundance in Earth's Crust29000000 / 25000000270000000 / 200000000
Abundance in Oceans1326000 / 3370001000 / 220
Abundance in Humans270000 / 70000260000 / 58000

Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure

PropertyMagnesiumSilicon
Atomic Volume13.984 cm3/mol12.054 cm3/mol
Atomic Radius145 pm111 pm
Covalent Radius130 pm111 pm
Van der Waals Radius173 pm210 pm

Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines

Emission SpectrumEmission Spectrum of Magnesium | SchoolMyKidsEmission Spectrum of Silicon | SchoolMyKids
Absorption SpectrumAbsorption Spectrum of Magnesium | SchoolMyKidsAbsorption Spectrum of Silicon | SchoolMyKids
Lattice Constant320.94, 320.94, 521.08 pm543.09, 543.09, 543.09 pm
Lattice Angleπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3π/2, π/2, π/2
Space Group NameP63/mmc Fd_ 3m
Space Group Number194 227
Crystal Structure

Simple Hexagonal

12 Mg Magnesium - Crystal Structure | SchoolMyKids

Tetrahedral Packing

14 Si Silicon - Crystal Structure | SchoolMyKids

Atomic and Orbital Properties

PropertyMagnesiumSilicon
Atomic Number1214
Number of Electrons (with no charge)1214
Number of Protons1214
Mass Number24.30528.0855
Number of Neutrons1214
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)2, 8, 22, 8, 4
Electron Configuration[Ne] 3s2 [Ne] 3s2 3p2
Valence Electrons3s2 3s2 3p2
Oxidation State2-4, 4
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)1S0 3P0
Shell structure12 Mg Magnesium Electron Shell Structure | SchoolMyKids14 Si Silicon Electron Shell Structure | SchoolMyKids

Isotopes and Nuclear Properties

Magnesium has 3 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Silicon has 3 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

ParameterMagnesiumSilicon
Known Isotopes19Mg, 20Mg, 21Mg, 22Mg, 23Mg, 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg, 27Mg, 28Mg, 29Mg, 30Mg, 31Mg, 32Mg, 33Mg, 34Mg, 35Mg, 36Mg, 37Mg, 38Mg, 39Mg, 40Mg22Si, 23Si, 24Si, 25Si, 26Si, 27Si, 28Si, 29Si, 30Si, 31Si, 32Si, 33Si, 34Si, 35Si, 36Si, 37Si, 38Si, 39Si, 40Si, 41Si, 42Si, 43Si, 44Si
Stable IsotopesNaturally occurring stable isotopes:

24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg

Naturally occurring stable isotopes:

28Si, 29Si, 30Si

Neutron Cross Section 0.063 171
Neutron Mass Absorption 0.0001 0.0002

Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity

PropertyMagnesiumSilicon
Valence or Valency2 4
Electronegativity1.31 Pauling Scale1.9 Pauling Scale
Electron Affinity0 kJ/mol133.6 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies
1st: 737.7 kJ/mol
2nd: 1450.7 kJ/mol
3rd: 7732.7 kJ/mol
4th: 10542.5 kJ/mol
5th: 13630 kJ/mol
6th: 18020 kJ/mol
7th: 21711 kJ/mol
8th: 25661 kJ/mol
9th: 31653 kJ/mol
10th: 35458 kJ/mol
11th: 169988 kJ/mol
12th: 189368 kJ/mol
1st: 786.5 kJ/mol
2nd: 1577.1 kJ/mol
3rd: 3231.6 kJ/mol
4th: 4355.5 kJ/mol
5th: 16091 kJ/mol
6th: 19805 kJ/mol
7th: 23780 kJ/mol
8th: 29287 kJ/mol
9th: 33878 kJ/mol
10th: 38726 kJ/mol
11th: 45962 kJ/mol
12th: 50502 kJ/mol
13th: 235196 kJ/mol
14th: 257923 kJ/mol

Physical Properties

PropertyMagnesiumSilicon
Density1.738 g/cm32.33 g/cm3
Molar Volume13.984 cm3/mol12.054 cm3/mol

Elastic Properties

Young Modulus45 47
Shear Modulus17 GPa-
Bulk Modulus45 GPa100 GPa
Poisson Ratio0.29 -

Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Mohs Hardness2.5 MPa6.5 MPa
Vickers Hardness- -
Brinell Hardness260 MPa-

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity23000000 S/m1000 S/m
Resistivity 4.4e-8 m Ω0.001 m Ω
Superconducting Point- -

Heat and Conduction Properties

Thermal Conductivity160 W/(m K)150 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion0.0000082 /K0.0000026 /K

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic TypeParamagnetic Diamagnetic
Curie Point- -
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility6.9e-9 m3/kg-1.6e-9 m3/kg
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility1.68e-10 m3/mol-4.49e-11 m3/mol
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility0.000012 -0.00000373

Optical Properties

Refractive Index- -

Acoustic Properties

Speed of Sound4602 m/s2200 m/s

Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

PropertyMagnesiumSilicon
Melting Point923 K1687 K
Boiling Point1363 K3173 K
Critical Temperature- -
Superconducting Point- -

Enthalpies

Heat of Fusion8.7 kJ/mol50.2 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization128 kJ/mol359 kJ/mol
Heat of Combustion-668 J/(kg K)-9055 J/(kg K)

Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

ParameterMagnesiumSilicon
CAS NumberCAS7439-95-4 CAS7440-21-3
RTECS Number- RTECSVW0400000
DOT Hazard Class4.1 4.1
DOT Numbers{1869,1418} 1346
EU Number- -
NFPA Fire Rating1 0
NFPA Health Rating0 1
NFPA Reactivity Rating1 0
NFPA Hazards- -
AutoIgnition Point472 °C150 °C
Flashpoint500 °C-

Compare With Other Elements

Compare Magnesium and Silicon with other elements of the periodic table.

Compare Magnesium with all Group 2 elements

Compare Magnesium with BerylliumCompare Magnesium with CalciumCompare Magnesium with StrontiumCompare Magnesium with BariumCompare Magnesium with Radium

Compare Magnesium with all Period 3 elements

Compare Magnesium with SodiumCompare Magnesium with AluminiumCompare Magnesium with SiliconCompare Magnesium with PhosphorusCompare Magnesium with SulfurCompare Magnesium with ChlorineCompare Magnesium with Argon

Compare Magnesium with all Alkaline Earth Metal elements

Compare Magnesium vs BerylliumCompare Magnesium vs CalciumCompare Magnesium vs StrontiumCompare Magnesium vs BariumCompare Magnesium vs Radium

Compare Silicon with all Group 14 elements

Silicon vs Carbon ComparisonSilicon vs Germanium ComparisonSilicon vs Tin ComparisonSilicon vs Lead ComparisonSilicon vs Flerovium Comparison

Compare Silicon with all Period 3 elements

Silicon vs Sodium ComparisonSilicon vs Magnesium ComparisonSilicon vs Aluminium ComparisonSilicon vs Phosphorus ComparisonSilicon vs Sulfur ComparisonSilicon vs Chlorine ComparisonSilicon vs Argon Comparison

Compare Silicon with all Metalloid elements

Silicon vs Boron ComparisonSilicon vs Germanium ComparisonSilicon vs Arsenic ComparisonSilicon vs Antimony ComparisonSilicon vs Tellurium ComparisonSilicon vs Polonium Comparison