Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Silicon vs Magnesium

Compare Silicon and Magnesium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Silicon vs Magnesium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Si vs Mg on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Silicon and Magnesium comparison table on more than 90 properties.

Name	Silicon	Magnesium
Atomic Number	14	12
Atomic Symbol	Si	Mg
Atomic Weight	28.0855	24.305
Phase at STP	Solid	Solid
Color	Gray	Silver
Metallic Classification	Metalloid	Alkaline Earth Metal
Group in Periodic Table	group 14	group 2
Group Name	carbon family	beryllium family
Period in Periodic Table	period 3	period 3
Block in Periodic Table	p -block	s -block
Electronic Configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p2	[Ne] 3s2
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell)	2, 8, 4	2, 8, 2
Melting Point	1687 K	923 K
Boiling Point	3173 K	1363 K
CAS Number	CAS7440-21-3	CAS7439-95-4
Neighborhood Elements	Neighborhood Elements of Silicon	Neighborhood Elements of Magnesium

Parameter	Silicon	Magnesium
History	The element Silicon was discovered by J. Berzelius in year 1823 in Sweden. Silicon derived its name from the Latin silex, 'flint' (originally silicium).	The element Magnesium was discovered by J. Black in year 1755 in United Kingdom. Magnesium derived its name from Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece.
Discovery	J. Berzelius (1823)	J. Black (1755)
Isolated	J. Berzelius (1823)	H. Davy (1808)

Property	Silicon	Magnesium
Abundance in Universe	700000 / 30000	600000 / 30000
Abundance in Sun	900000 / 40000	700000 / 30000
Abundance in Meteorites	140000000 / 100000000	120000000 / 100000000
Abundance in Earth's Crust	270000000 / 200000000	29000000 / 25000000
Abundance in Oceans	1000 / 220	1326000 / 337000
Abundance in Humans	260000 / 58000	270000 / 70000

Property	Silicon	Magnesium
Atomic Volume	12.054 cm3/mol	13.984 cm3/mol
Atomic Radius	111 pm	145 pm
Covalent Radius	111 pm	130 pm
Van der Waals Radius	210 pm	173 pm
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines
Emission Spectrum
Absorption Spectrum
Lattice Constant	543.09, 543.09, 543.09 pm	320.94, 320.94, 521.08 pm
Lattice Angle	π/2, π/2, π/2	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Space Group Name	Fd_ 3m	P63/mmc
Space Group Number	227	194
Crystal Structure	Tetrahedral Packing	Simple Hexagonal

Property	Silicon	Magnesium
Atomic Number	14	12
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	14	12
Number of Protons	14	12
Mass Number	28.0855	24.305
Number of Neutrons	14	12
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	2, 8, 4	2, 8, 2
Electron Configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p2	[Ne] 3s2
Valence Electrons	3s2 3p2	3s2
Oxidation State	-4, 4	2
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	3P0	1S0
Shell structure

Parameter	Silicon	Magnesium
Known Isotopes	22Si, 23Si, 24Si, 25Si, 26Si, 27Si, 28Si, 29Si, 30Si, 31Si, 32Si, 33Si, 34Si, 35Si, 36Si, 37Si, 38Si, 39Si, 40Si, 41Si, 42Si, 43Si, 44Si	19Mg, 20Mg, 21Mg, 22Mg, 23Mg, 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg, 27Mg, 28Mg, 29Mg, 30Mg, 31Mg, 32Mg, 33Mg, 34Mg, 35Mg, 36Mg, 37Mg, 38Mg, 39Mg, 40Mg
Stable Isotopes	Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 28Si, 29Si, 30Si	Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg
Neutron Cross Section	171	0.063
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0002	0.0001

Property	Silicon	Magnesium
Valence or Valency	4	2
Electronegativity	1.9 Pauling Scale	1.31 Pauling Scale
Electron Affinity	133.6 kJ/mol	0 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies	1st: 786.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1577.1 kJ/mol 3rd: 3231.6 kJ/mol 4th: 4355.5 kJ/mol 5th: 16091 kJ/mol 6th: 19805 kJ/mol 7th: 23780 kJ/mol 8th: 29287 kJ/mol 9th: 33878 kJ/mol 10th: 38726 kJ/mol 11th: 45962 kJ/mol 12th: 50502 kJ/mol 13th: 235196 kJ/mol 14th: 257923 kJ/mol	1st: 737.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 1450.7 kJ/mol 3rd: 7732.7 kJ/mol 4th: 10542.5 kJ/mol 5th: 13630 kJ/mol 6th: 18020 kJ/mol 7th: 21711 kJ/mol 8th: 25661 kJ/mol 9th: 31653 kJ/mol 10th: 35458 kJ/mol 11th: 169988 kJ/mol 12th: 189368 kJ/mol

Property	Silicon	Magnesium
Density	2.33 g/cm3	1.738 g/cm3
Molar Volume	12.054 cm3/mol	13.984 cm3/mol
Elastic Properties
Young Modulus	47	45
Shear Modulus	-	17 GPa
Bulk Modulus	100 GPa	45 GPa
Poisson Ratio	-	0.29
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
Mohs Hardness	6.5 MPa	2.5 MPa
Vickers Hardness	-	-
Brinell Hardness	-	260 MPa
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity	1000 S/m	23000000 S/m
Resistivity	0.001 m Ω	4.4e-8 m Ω
Superconducting Point	-	-
Heat and Conduction Properties
Thermal Conductivity	150 W/(m K)	160 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000026 /K	0.0000082 /K
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Type	Diamagnetic	Paramagnetic
Curie Point	-	-
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility	-1.6e-9 m3/kg	6.9e-9 m3/kg
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility	-4.49e-11 m3/mol	1.68e-10 m3/mol
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility	-0.00000373	0.000012
Optical Properties
Refractive Index	-	-
Acoustic Properties
Speed of Sound	2200 m/s	4602 m/s

Parameter	Silicon	Magnesium
CAS Number	CAS7440-21-3	CAS7439-95-4
RTECS Number	RTECSVW0400000	-
DOT Hazard Class	4.1	4.1
DOT Numbers	1346	{1869,1418}
EU Number	-	-
NFPA Fire Rating	0	1
NFPA Health Rating	1	0
NFPA Reactivity Rating	0	1
NFPA Hazards	-	-
AutoIgnition Point	150 °C	472 °C
Flashpoint	-	500 °C

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Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Silicon vs Magnesium

Silicon and Magnesium Comparison

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History

Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure

Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines

Atomic and Orbital Properties

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Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

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Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

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Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

Compare With Other Elements

Compare Silicon with all Group 14 elements

Compare Silicon with all Period 3 elements

Compare Silicon with all Metalloid elements

Compare Magnesium with all Group 2 elements

Compare Magnesium with all Period 3 elements

Compare Magnesium with all Alkaline Earth Metal elements