Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Silicon vs Polonium
Compare Silicon and Polonium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Silicon vs Polonium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Si vs Po on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Silicon and Polonium comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Silicon and Polonium Comparison
Facts
| Name | Silicon | Polonium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 14 | 84 |
| Atomic Symbol | Si | Po |
| Atomic Weight | 28.0855 | 209 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Gray | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Metalloid | Metalloid |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 14 | group 16 |
| Group Name | carbon family | oxygen family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 3 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p2 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 4 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 |
| Melting Point | 1687 K | 527 K |
| Boiling Point | 3173 K | 1235 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-21-3 | CAS7440-08-6 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Silicon | Neighborhood Elements of Polonium |
History
| Parameter | Silicon | Polonium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Silicon was discovered by J. Berzelius in year 1823 in Sweden. Silicon derived its name from the Latin silex, 'flint' (originally silicium). | The element Polonium was discovered by P. and M. Curie in year 1898 in France. Polonium derived its name from Named after the home country of Marie Curie(Poland), who is also the discoverer of Radium. |
| Discovery | J. Berzelius (1823) | P. and M. Curie (1898) |
| Isolated | J. Berzelius (1823) | W. Marckwald (1902) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Silicon | Polonium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 700000 / 30000 | - / - |
| Abundance in Sun | 900000 / 40000 | - / - |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 140000000 / 100000000 | - / - |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 270000000 / 200000000 | - / - |
| Abundance in Oceans | 1000 / 220 | 0.00000000002 / 0.0000000000006 |
| Abundance in Humans | 260000 / 58000 | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Silicon | Polonium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 12.054 cm3/mol | 22.97 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 111 pm | 135 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 111 pm | - |
| Van der Waals Radius | 210 pm | 197 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 543.09, 543.09, 543.09 pm | 335.9, 335.9, 335.9 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | Fd_ 3m | Pm-3m |
| Space Group Number | 227 | 221 |
| Crystal Structure | Tetrahedral Packing  | Simple Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Silicon | Polonium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 14 | 84 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 14 | 84 |
| Number of Protons | 14 | 84 |
| Mass Number | 28.0855 | 209 |
| Number of Neutrons | 14 | 125 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 4 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p2 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 |
| Valence Electrons | 3s2 3p2 | 6s2 6p4 |
| Oxidation State | -4, 4 | -2, 2, 4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 3P0 | 3P2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Silicon has 3 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Polonium has 0 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Silicon | Polonium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 22Si, 23Si, 24Si, 25Si, 26Si, 27Si, 28Si, 29Si, 30Si, 31Si, 32Si, 33Si, 34Si, 35Si, 36Si, 37Si, 38Si, 39Si, 40Si, 41Si, 42Si, 43Si, 44Si | 188Po, 189Po, 190Po, 191Po, 192Po, 193Po, 194Po, 195Po, 196Po, 197Po, 198Po, 199Po, 200Po, 201Po, 202Po, 203Po, 204Po, 205Po, 206Po, 207Po, 208Po, 209Po, 210Po, 211Po, 212Po, 213Po, 214Po, 215Po, 216Po, 217Po, 218Po, 219Po, 220Po |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 28Si, 29Si, 30Si | |
| Neutron Cross Section | 171 | 0.5 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0002 | - |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Silicon | Polonium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 4 | 6 |
| Electronegativity | 1.9 Pauling Scale | 2 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 133.6 kJ/mol | 183.3 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 786.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1577.1 kJ/mol 3rd: 3231.6 kJ/mol 4th: 4355.5 kJ/mol 5th: 16091 kJ/mol 6th: 19805 kJ/mol 7th: 23780 kJ/mol 8th: 29287 kJ/mol 9th: 33878 kJ/mol 10th: 38726 kJ/mol 11th: 45962 kJ/mol 12th: 50502 kJ/mol 13th: 235196 kJ/mol 14th: 257923 kJ/mol | 1st: 812.1 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Property | Silicon | Polonium |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 2.33 g/cm3 | 9.196 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 12.054 cm3/mol | 22.97 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 47 | - |
| Shear Modulus | - | - |
| Bulk Modulus | 100 GPa | - |
| Poisson Ratio | - | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 6.5 MPa | - |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | - | - |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 1000 S/m | 2300000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 0.001 m Ω | 4.29e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 150 W/(m K) | - |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000026 /K | - |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | - |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.6e-9 m3/kg | - |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -4.49e-11 m3/mol | - |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.00000373 | - |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 2200 m/s | - |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Silicon | Polonium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1687 K | 527 K |
| Boiling Point | 3173 K | 1235 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 50.2 kJ/mol | 13 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 359 kJ/mol | 100 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | -9055 J/(kg K) | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Silicon | Polonium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-21-3 | CAS7440-08-6 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSVW0400000 | - |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | - |
| DOT Numbers | 1346 | - |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 0 | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | 1 | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | 150 °C | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Silicon and Polonium with other elements of the periodic table.