Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Gadolinium vs Lead
Compare Gadolinium and Lead on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Gadolinium vs Lead with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Gd vs Pb on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Gadolinium and Lead comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Gadolinium and Lead Comparison
Facts
| Name | Gadolinium | Lead |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 64 | 82 |
| Atomic Symbol | Gd | Pb |
| Atomic Weight | 157.25 | 207.2 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | SlateGray |
| Metallic Classification | Lanthanide | Post Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group - | group 14 |
| Group Name | carbon family | |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | f -block | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 |
| Melting Point | 1586 K | 600.61 K |
| Boiling Point | 3523 K | 2022 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-54-2 | CAS7439-92-1 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Gadolinium | Neighborhood Elements of Lead |
History
| Parameter | Gadolinium | Lead |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Gadolinium was discovered by J. C. G. de Marignac in year 1880 in Switzerland. Gadolinium derived its name from Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist. | The element Lead was discovered by Africans in year 7000 BCE. Lead derived its name from English word (plumbum in Latin). |
| Discovery | J. C. G. de Marignac (1880) | Africans (7000 BCE) |
| Isolated | P.E.L. de Boisbaudran (1886) | Abydos, Egypt (3800 BCE) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Gadolinium | Lead |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 2 / 0.02 | 10 / 0.06 |
| Abundance in Sun | 2 / 0.01 | 10 / 0.07 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 230 / 30 | 1400 / 100 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 5200 / 680 | 10000 / 1000 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0007 / 0.000028 | 0.03 / 0.00090 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | 1700 / 50 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Gadolinium | Lead |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 19.903 cm3/mol | 18.27 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 233 pm | 154 pm |
| Covalent Radius | - | 147 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | - | 202 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 363.6, 363.6, 578.26 pm | 495.08, 495.08, 495.08 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | Fm_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 194 | 225 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Face Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Gadolinium | Lead |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 64 | 82 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 64 | 82 |
| Number of Protons | 64 | 82 |
| Mass Number | 157.25 | 207.2 |
| Number of Neutrons | 93 | 125 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 |
| Valence Electrons | 4f7 5d1 6s2 | 6s2 6p2 |
| Oxidation State | 3 | 2, 4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 9D2 | 3P0 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Gadolinium has 6 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Lead has 4 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Gadolinium | Lead |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 134Gd, 135Gd, 136Gd, 137Gd, 138Gd, 139Gd, 140Gd, 141Gd, 142Gd, 143Gd, 144Gd, 145Gd, 146Gd, 147Gd, 148Gd, 149Gd, 150Gd, 151Gd, 152Gd, 153Gd, 154Gd, 155Gd, 156Gd, 157Gd, 158Gd, 159Gd, 160Gd, 161Gd, 162Gd, 163Gd, 164Gd, 165Gd, 166Gd, 167Gd, 168Gd, 169Gd | 178Pb, 179Pb, 180Pb, 181Pb, 182Pb, 183Pb, 184Pb, 185Pb, 186Pb, 187Pb, 188Pb, 189Pb, 190Pb, 191Pb, 192Pb, 193Pb, 194Pb, 195Pb, 196Pb, 197Pb, 198Pb, 199Pb, 200Pb, 201Pb, 202Pb, 203Pb, 204Pb, 205Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb, 209Pb, 210Pb, 211Pb, 212Pb, 213Pb, 214Pb, 215Pb |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 154Gd, 155Gd, 156Gd, 157Gd, 158Gd, 160Gd | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb |
| Neutron Cross Section | 49000 | 0.171 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 7.3 | 0.00003 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Gadolinium | Lead |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 3 | 4 |
| Electronegativity | 1.2 Pauling Scale | 2.33 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 50 kJ/mol | 35.1 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 593.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1170 kJ/mol 3rd: 1990 kJ/mol 4th: 4250 kJ/mol | 1st: 715.6 kJ/mol 2nd: 1450.5 kJ/mol 3rd: 3081.5 kJ/mol 4th: 4083 kJ/mol 5th: 6640 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Property | Gadolinium | Lead |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.901 g/cm3 | 11.34 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 19.903 cm3/mol | 18.27 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 55 | 16 |
| Shear Modulus | 22 GPa | 5.6 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 38 GPa | 46 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.26 | 0.44 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | 1.5 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | 570 MPa | - |
| Brinell Hardness | - | 38.3 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 770000 S/m | 4800000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 0.0000013 m Ω | 2.1e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 1.083 | 7.2 |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 11 W/(m K) | 35 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000094 /K | 0.0000289 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Ferromagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | 292 K | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | - | -1.5e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | - | -3.11e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | - | -0.000017 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 2680 m/s | 1260 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Gadolinium | Lead |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1586 K | 600.61 K |
| Boiling Point | 3523 K | 2022 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | 1.083 | 7.2 |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 10 kJ/mol | 4.77 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 305 kJ/mol | 178 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Gadolinium | Lead |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-54-2 | CAS7439-92-1 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSLW3850000 | RTECSOF7525000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | - | - |
| DOT Numbers | - | 3077 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | 0 |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | 2 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Gadolinium and Lead with other elements of the periodic table.