Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Gadolinium vs Samarium
Compare Gadolinium and Samarium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Gadolinium vs Samarium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Gd vs Sm on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Gadolinium and Samarium comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Gadolinium and Samarium Comparison
Facts
| Name | Gadolinium | Samarium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 64 | 62 |
| Atomic Symbol | Gd | Sm |
| Atomic Weight | 157.25 | 150.36 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Lanthanide | Lanthanide |
| Group in Periodic Table | group - | group - |
| Group Name | ||
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | f -block | f -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 | [Xe] 4f6 6s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 |
| Melting Point | 1586 K | 1345 K |
| Boiling Point | 3523 K | 2076 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-54-2 | CAS7440-19-9 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Gadolinium | Neighborhood Elements of Samarium |
History
| Parameter | Gadolinium | Samarium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Gadolinium was discovered by J. C. G. de Marignac in year 1880 in Switzerland. Gadolinium derived its name from Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist. | The element Samarium was discovered by P.E.L. de Boisbaudran in year 1879 in France. Samarium derived its name from Samarskite, the name of the mineral from which it was first isolated. |
| Discovery | J. C. G. de Marignac (1880) | P.E.L. de Boisbaudran (1879) |
| Isolated | P.E.L. de Boisbaudran (1886) | P.E.L. de Boisbaudran (1879) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Gadolinium | Samarium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 2 / 0.02 | 5 / 0.04 |
| Abundance in Sun | 2 / 0.01 | 1 / 0.01 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 230 / 30 | 170 / 20 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 5200 / 680 | 6000 / 820 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0007 / 0.000028 | 0.00045 / 0.000019 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Gadolinium | Samarium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 19.903 cm3/mol | 19.98 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 233 pm | 238 pm |
| Covalent Radius | - | - |
| Van der Waals Radius | - | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 363.6, 363.6, 578.26 pm | 362.1, 362.1, 2625 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | R_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 194 | 166 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Simple Trigonal  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Gadolinium | Samarium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 64 | 62 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 64 | 62 |
| Number of Protons | 64 | 62 |
| Mass Number | 157.25 | 150.36 |
| Number of Neutrons | 93 | 88 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 | [Xe] 4f6 6s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 4f7 5d1 6s2 | 4f6 6s2 |
| Oxidation State | 3 | 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 9D2 | 7F0 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Gadolinium has 6 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Samarium has 5 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Gadolinium | Samarium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 134Gd, 135Gd, 136Gd, 137Gd, 138Gd, 139Gd, 140Gd, 141Gd, 142Gd, 143Gd, 144Gd, 145Gd, 146Gd, 147Gd, 148Gd, 149Gd, 150Gd, 151Gd, 152Gd, 153Gd, 154Gd, 155Gd, 156Gd, 157Gd, 158Gd, 159Gd, 160Gd, 161Gd, 162Gd, 163Gd, 164Gd, 165Gd, 166Gd, 167Gd, 168Gd, 169Gd | 128Sm, 129Sm, 130Sm, 131Sm, 132Sm, 133Sm, 134Sm, 135Sm, 136Sm, 137Sm, 138Sm, 139Sm, 140Sm, 141Sm, 142Sm, 143Sm, 144Sm, 145Sm, 146Sm, 147Sm, 148Sm, 149Sm, 150Sm, 151Sm, 152Sm, 153Sm, 154Sm, 155Sm, 156Sm, 157Sm, 158Sm, 159Sm, 160Sm, 161Sm, 162Sm, 163Sm, 164Sm, 165Sm |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 154Gd, 155Gd, 156Gd, 157Gd, 158Gd, 160Gd | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 144Sm, 149Sm, 150Sm, 152Sm, 154Sm |
| Neutron Cross Section | 49000 | 5900 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 7.3 | 4.7 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Gadolinium | Samarium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 3 | 3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.2 Pauling Scale | 1.17 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 50 kJ/mol | 50 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 593.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1170 kJ/mol 3rd: 1990 kJ/mol 4th: 4250 kJ/mol | 1st: 544.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1070 kJ/mol 3rd: 2260 kJ/mol 4th: 3990 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Property | Gadolinium | Samarium |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.901 g/cm3 | 7.353 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 19.903 cm3/mol | 19.98 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 55 | 50 |
| Shear Modulus | 22 GPa | 20 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 38 GPa | 38 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.26 | 0.27 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | - |
| Vickers Hardness | 570 MPa | 412 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | - | 441 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 770000 S/m | 1100000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 0.0000013 m Ω | 9.4e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 1.083 | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 11 W/(m K) | 13 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000094 /K | 0.0000127 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Ferromagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | 292 K | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | - | 1.11e-7 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | - | 1.669e-8 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | - | 0.00081618 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 2680 m/s | 2130 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Gadolinium | Samarium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1586 K | 1345 K |
| Boiling Point | 3523 K | 2076 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | 1.083 | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 10 kJ/mol | 8.6 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 305 kJ/mol | 175 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Gadolinium | Samarium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-54-2 | CAS7440-19-9 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSLW3850000 | - |
| DOT Hazard Class | - | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | - | 1325 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | 1 |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | 1 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | 1 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | 150 °C |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Gadolinium and Samarium with other elements of the periodic table.