Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Titanium vs Germanium
Compare Titanium and Germanium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Titanium vs Germanium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Ti vs Ge on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Titanium and Germanium comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Titanium and Germanium Comparison
Facts
| Name | Titanium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 22 | 32 |
| Atomic Symbol | Ti | Ge |
| Atomic Weight | 47.867 | 72.64 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Gray |
| Metallic Classification | Transition Metal | Metalloid |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 4 | group 14 |
| Group Name | titanium family | carbon family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 4 | period 4 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d -block | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ar] 3d2 4s2 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 10, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 4 |
| Melting Point | 1941 K | 1211.4 K |
| Boiling Point | 3560 K | 3093 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-32-6 | CAS7440-56-4 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Titanium | Neighborhood Elements of Germanium |
History
| Parameter | Titanium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Titanium was discovered by W. Gregor in year 1791 in United Kingdom. Titanium derived its name from Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology. | The element Germanium was discovered by C. A. Winkler in year 1886 in Germany. Germanium derived its name from Germania, the Latin name for Germany. |
| Discovery | W. Gregor (1791) | C. A. Winkler (1886) |
| Isolated | J. Berzelius (1825) | () |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Titanium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 3000 / 80 | 200 / 3 |
| Abundance in Sun | 4000 / 100 | 200 / 3 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 550000 / 230000 | 21000 / 4900 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 6600000 / 2900000 | 1400 / 390 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 1 / 0.13 | 0.06 / 0.0051 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Titanium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 10.621 cm3/mol | 13.646 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 176 pm | 125 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 136 pm | 122 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | - | 211 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 295.08, 295.08, 468.55 pm | 565.75, 565.75, 565.75 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | Fm_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 194 | 225 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Face Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Titanium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 22 | 32 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 22 | 32 |
| Number of Protons | 22 | 32 |
| Mass Number | 47.867 | 72.64 |
| Number of Neutrons | 26 | 41 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 10, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 4 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d2 4s2 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 |
| Valence Electrons | 3d2 4s2 | 4s2 4p2 |
| Oxidation State | 2, 3, 4 | -4, 2, 4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 3F2 | 3P0 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Titanium has 5 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Germanium has 4 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Titanium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 38Ti, 39Ti, 40Ti, 41Ti, 42Ti, 43Ti, 44Ti, 45Ti, 46Ti, 47Ti, 48Ti, 49Ti, 50Ti, 51Ti, 52Ti, 53Ti, 54Ti, 55Ti, 56Ti, 57Ti, 58Ti, 59Ti, 60Ti, 61Ti, 62Ti, 63Ti | 58Ge, 59Ge, 60Ge, 61Ge, 62Ge, 63Ge, 64Ge, 65Ge, 66Ge, 67Ge, 68Ge, 69Ge, 70Ge, 71Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge, 75Ge, 76Ge, 77Ge, 78Ge, 79Ge, 80Ge, 81Ge, 82Ge, 83Ge, 84Ge, 85Ge, 86Ge, 87Ge, 88Ge, 89Ge |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 46Ti, 47Ti, 48Ti, 49Ti, 50Ti | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge |
| Neutron Cross Section | 6.1 | 2.2 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0044 | 0.0011 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Titanium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 4 | 4 |
| Electronegativity | 1.54 Pauling Scale | 2.01 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 7.6 kJ/mol | 119 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 658.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1309.8 kJ/mol 3rd: 2652.5 kJ/mol 4th: 4174.6 kJ/mol 5th: 9581 kJ/mol 6th: 11533 kJ/mol 7th: 13590 kJ/mol 8th: 16440 kJ/mol 9th: 18530 kJ/mol 10th: 20833 kJ/mol 11th: 25575 kJ/mol 12th: 28125 kJ/mol 13th: 76015 kJ/mol 14th: 83280 kJ/mol 15th: 90880 kJ/mol 16th: 100700 kJ/mol 17th: 109100 kJ/mol 18th: 117800 kJ/mol 19th: 129900 kJ/mol 20th: 137530 kJ/mol 21st: 602930 kJ/mol 22nd: 639294 kJ/mol | 1st: 762 kJ/mol 2nd: 1537.5 kJ/mol 3rd: 3302.1 kJ/mol 4th: 4411 kJ/mol 5th: 9020 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Property | Titanium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 4.507 g/cm3 | 5.323 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 10.621 cm3/mol | 13.646 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 116 | - |
| Shear Modulus | 44 GPa | - |
| Bulk Modulus | 110 GPa | - |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.32 | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 6 MPa | 6 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | 970 MPa | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 716 MPa | - |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 2500000 S/m | 2000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 4e-7 m Ω | 0.0005 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 0.4 | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 22 W/(m K) | 60 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000086 /K | 0.000006 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 4.01e-8 m3/kg | -1.5e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.919e-9 m3/mol | -1.09e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0001807 | -0.00000798 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 4140 m/s | 5400 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Titanium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1941 K | 1211.4 K |
| Boiling Point | 3560 K | 3093 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | 0.4 | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 18.7 kJ/mol | 31.8 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 425 kJ/mol | 334 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | -536 J/(kg K) |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Titanium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-32-6 | CAS7440-56-4 |
| RTECS Number | - | RTECSLY5200000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.2 | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 2546 | 3089 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 1 | 0 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 1 | 1 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 2 | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | 250 °C | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Titanium and Germanium with other elements of the periodic table.