Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Palladium vs Ruthenium
Compare Palladium and Ruthenium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Palladium vs Ruthenium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Pd vs Ru on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Palladium and Ruthenium comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Palladium and Ruthenium Comparison
Facts
| Name | Palladium | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 46 | 44 |
| Atomic Symbol | Pd | Ru |
| Atomic Weight | 106.42 | 101.07 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Transition Metal | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 10 | group 8 |
| Group Name | nickel family | iron family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 5 | period 5 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 | [Kr] 4d7 5s1 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 18 | 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 |
| Melting Point | 1828.05 K | 2607 K |
| Boiling Point | 3236 K | 4423 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-05-3 | CAS7440-18-8 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Palladium | Neighborhood Elements of Ruthenium |
History
| Parameter | Palladium | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Palladium was discovered by H. Wollaston in year 1803 in United Kingdom. Palladium derived its name . | The element Ruthenium was discovered by K. Claus in year 1844 in Russia. Ruthenium derived its name from Ruthenia, the New Latin name for Russia. |
| Discovery | H. Wollaston (1803) | K. Claus (1844) |
| Isolated | H. Wollaston (1803) | K. Claus (1844) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Palladium | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 2 / 0.02 | 4 / 0.05 |
| Abundance in Sun | 3 / 0.04 | 5 / 0.06 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 670 / 130 | 830 / 160 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 6.3 / 1 | 1.0 / 0.2 |
| Abundance in Oceans | - / - | 0.0007 / 0.000043 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Palladium | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 8.8514 cm3/mol | 8.1706 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 169 pm | 178 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 131 pm | 126 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 163 pm | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 389.07, 389.07, 389.07 pm | 270.59, 270.59, 428.15 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
| Space Group Name | Fm_ 3m | P63/mmc |
| Space Group Number | 225 | 194 |
| Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic  | Simple Hexagonal  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Palladium | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 46 | 44 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 46 | 44 |
| Number of Protons | 46 | 44 |
| Mass Number | 106.42 | 101.07 |
| Number of Neutrons | 60 | 57 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 18 | 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 | [Kr] 4d7 5s1 |
| Valence Electrons | 4d10 | 4d7 5s1 |
| Oxidation State | 0, 2, 4 | 3, 4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 1S0 | 5F5 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Palladium has 6 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Ruthenium has 7 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Palladium | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 91Pd, 92Pd, 93Pd, 94Pd, 95Pd, 96Pd, 97Pd, 98Pd, 99Pd, 100Pd, 101Pd, 102Pd, 103Pd, 104Pd, 105Pd, 106Pd, 107Pd, 108Pd, 109Pd, 110Pd, 111Pd, 112Pd, 113Pd, 114Pd, 115Pd, 116Pd, 117Pd, 118Pd, 119Pd, 120Pd, 121Pd, 122Pd, 123Pd, 124Pd | 87Ru, 88Ru, 89Ru, 90Ru, 91Ru, 92Ru, 93Ru, 94Ru, 95Ru, 96Ru, 97Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru, 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 103Ru, 104Ru, 105Ru, 106Ru, 107Ru, 108Ru, 109Ru, 110Ru, 111Ru, 112Ru, 113Ru, 114Ru, 115Ru, 116Ru, 117Ru, 118Ru, 119Ru, 120Ru |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 102Pd, 104Pd, 105Pd, 106Pd, 108Pd, 110Pd | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 104Ru, 96Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru |
| Neutron Cross Section | 6.9 | 2.6 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0023 | 0.0009 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Palladium | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 4 | 6 |
| Electronegativity | 2.2 Pauling Scale | 2.2 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 53.7 kJ/mol | 101.3 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 804.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1870 kJ/mol 3rd: 3177 kJ/mol | 1st: 710.2 kJ/mol 2nd: 1620 kJ/mol 3rd: 2747 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Property | Palladium | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 12.023 g/cm3 | 12.37 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 8.8514 cm3/mol | 8.1706 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 121 | 447 |
| Shear Modulus | 44 GPa | 173 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 180 GPa | 220 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.39 | 0.3 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 4.75 MPa | 6.5 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | 461 MPa | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 37.3 MPa | 2160 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 10000000 S/m | 14000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 1e-7 m Ω | 7.1e-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | 0.49 |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 72 W/(m K) | 120 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000118 /K | 0.0000064 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 6.57e-8 m3/kg | 5.42e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 6.992e-9 m3/mol | 5.48e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0007899 | 0.000067 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 3070 m/s | 5970 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Palladium | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1828.05 K | 2607 K |
| Boiling Point | 3236 K | 4423 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | 0.49 |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 16.7 kJ/mol | 25.7 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 380 kJ/mol | 580 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Palladium | Ruthenium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-05-3 | CAS7440-18-8 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSRT3480500 | - |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.2 | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 3200 | 3089 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 0 | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | 1 | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Palladium and Ruthenium with other elements of the periodic table.