Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Lanthanum vs Promethium
Compare Lanthanum and Promethium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Lanthanum vs Promethium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare La vs Pm on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Lanthanum and Promethium comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Lanthanum and Promethium Comparison
Facts
| Name | Lanthanum | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 57 | 61 |
| Atomic Symbol | La | Pm |
| Atomic Weight | 138.9055 | 145 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Lanthanide | Lanthanide |
| Group in Periodic Table | group - | group - |
| Group Name | ||
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 | period 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | f -block | f -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 5d1 6s2 | [Xe] 4f5 6s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 |
| Melting Point | 1193 K | 1373 K |
| Boiling Point | 3737 K | 3273 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7439-91-0 | CAS7440-12-2 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Lanthanum | Neighborhood Elements of Promethium |
History
| Parameter | Lanthanum | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Lanthanum was discovered by G. Mosander in year 1838 in Sweden. Lanthanum derived its name from the Greek lanthanein, meaning 'to lie hidden'. | The element Promethium was discovered by S. Wu,E.G. Segrè and H. Bethe in year 1942 in United States. Promethium derived its name from Prometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans. |
| Discovery | G. Mosander (1838) | S. Wu,E.G. Segrè and H. Bethe (1942) |
| Isolated | G. Mosander (1841) | Charles D. Coryell,Jacob A. Marinsky,Lawrence E. Glendenin, and Harold G. Richter (1945) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Lanthanum | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 2 / 0.02 | - / - |
| Abundance in Sun | 2 / 0.01 | - / 0.005 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 290 / 40 | - / - |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 34000 / 5000 | - / - |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0034 / 0.00015 | - / - |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Lanthanum | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 22.386 cm3/mol | 20.23 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 195 pm | 205 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 169 pm | - |
| Van der Waals Radius | - | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 377.2, 377.2, 1214.4 pm | - |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | - |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | - |
| Space Group Number | 194 | - |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Simple Hexagonal |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Lanthanum | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 57 | 61 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 57 | 61 |
| Number of Protons | 57 | 61 |
| Mass Number | 138.9055 | 145 |
| Number of Neutrons | 82 | 84 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 5d1 6s2 | [Xe] 4f5 6s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 5d1 6s2 | 4f5 6s2 |
| Oxidation State | 3 | 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2D3/2 | 6H5/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Lanthanum has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Promethium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Lanthanum | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 117La, 118La, 119La, 120La, 121La, 122La, 123La, 124La, 125La, 126La, 127La, 128La, 129La, 130La, 131La, 132La, 133La, 134La, 135La, 136La, 137La, 138La, 139La, 140La, 141La, 142La, 143La, 144La, 145La, 146La, 147La, 148La, 149La, 150La, 151La, 152La, 153La, 154La, 155La | 126Pm, 127Pm, 128Pm, 129Pm, 130Pm, 131Pm, 132Pm, 133Pm, 134Pm, 135Pm, 136Pm, 137Pm, 138Pm, 139Pm, 140Pm, 141Pm, 142Pm, 143Pm, 144Pm, 145Pm, 146Pm, 147Pm, 148Pm, 149Pm, 150Pm, 151Pm, 152Pm, 153Pm, 154Pm, 155Pm, 156Pm, 157Pm, 158Pm, 159Pm, 160Pm, 161Pm, 162Pm, 163Pm |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 139La | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: None |
| Neutron Cross Section | 8.98 | 8000 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0023 | - |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Lanthanum | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 3 | 3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.1 Pauling Scale | 1.13 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 48 kJ/mol | 50 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 538.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1067 kJ/mol 3rd: 1850.3 kJ/mol 4th: 4819 kJ/mol 5th: 5940 kJ/mol | 1st: 540 kJ/mol 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol 3rd: 2150 kJ/mol 4th: 3970 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Property | Lanthanum | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 6.146 g/cm3 | 7.264 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 22.386 cm3/mol | 20.23 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 37 | 46 |
| Shear Modulus | 14 GPa | 18 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 28 GPa | 33 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.28 | 0.28 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 2.5 MPa | - |
| Vickers Hardness | 491 MPa | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 363 MPa | - |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 1600000 S/m | 1300000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 6.1e-7 m Ω | 7.5e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 4.88 | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 13 W/(m K) | 15 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000121 /K | 0.000011 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | - |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.1e-8 m3/kg | - |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.528e-9 m3/mol | - |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.00006761 | - |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 2475 m/s | - |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Lanthanum | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1193 K | 1373 K |
| Boiling Point | 3737 K | 3273 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | 4.88 | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 6.2 kJ/mol | 7.7 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 400 kJ/mol | 290 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Lanthanum | Promethium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7439-91-0 | CAS7440-12-2 |
| RTECS Number | - | - |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | - |
| DOT Numbers | 3178 | - |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Lanthanum and Promethium with other elements of the periodic table.