Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Gallium vs Palladium
Compare Gallium and Palladium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Gallium vs Palladium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Ga vs Pd on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Gallium and Palladium comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Gallium and Palladium Comparison
Facts
Name | Gallium | Palladium |
---|---|---|
Atomic Number | 31 | 46 |
Atomic Symbol | Ga | Pd |
Atomic Weight | 69.723 | 106.42 |
Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
Color | Silver | Silver |
Metallic Classification | Post Transition Metal | Transition Metal |
Group in Periodic Table | group 13 | group 10 |
Group Name | boron family | nickel family |
Period in Periodic Table | period 4 | period 5 |
Block in Periodic Table | p -block | d -block |
Electronic Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 | [Kr] 4d10 |
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 3 | 2, 8, 18, 18 |
Melting Point | 302.91 K | 1828.05 K |
Boiling Point | 2477 K | 3236 K |
CAS Number | CAS7440-55-3 | CAS7440-05-3 |
Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Gallium | Neighborhood Elements of Palladium |
History
Parameter | Gallium | Palladium |
---|---|---|
History | The element Gallium was discovered by P. E. L. de Boisbaudran in year 1875 in France. Gallium derived its name from Gallia, the Latin name for France. | The element Palladium was discovered by H. Wollaston in year 1803 in United Kingdom. Palladium derived its name . |
Discovery | P. E. L. de Boisbaudran (1875) | H. Wollaston (1803) |
Isolated | P. E. L. de Boisbaudran () | H. Wollaston (1803) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
Property | Gallium | Palladium |
---|---|---|
Abundance in Universe | 10 / 0.2 | 2 / 0.02 |
Abundance in Sun | 40 / 0.6 | 3 / 0.04 |
Abundance in Meteorites | 7800 / 2000 | 670 / 130 |
Abundance in Earth's Crust | 19000 / 5500 | 6.3 / 1 |
Abundance in Oceans | 0.03 / 0.0027 | - / - |
Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
Property | Gallium | Palladium |
---|---|---|
Atomic Volume | 11.809 cm3/mol | 8.8514 cm3/mol |
Atomic Radius | 136 pm | 169 pm |
Covalent Radius | 126 pm | 131 pm |
Van der Waals Radius | 187 pm | 163 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
Emission Spectrum | ![]() | ![]() |
Absorption Spectrum | ![]() | ![]() |
Lattice Constant | 451.97, 766.33, 452.6 pm | 389.07, 389.07, 389.07 pm |
Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Space Group Name | Cmca | Fm_ 3m |
Space Group Number | 64 | 225 |
Crystal Structure | Base Centered Orthorhombic ![]() | Face Centered Cubic ![]() |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
Property | Gallium | Palladium |
---|---|---|
Atomic Number | 31 | 46 |
Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 31 | 46 |
Number of Protons | 31 | 46 |
Mass Number | 69.723 | 106.42 |
Number of Neutrons | 39 | 60 |
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 3 | 2, 8, 18, 18 |
Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 | [Kr] 4d10 |
Valence Electrons | 4s2 4p1 | 4d10 |
Oxidation State | 3 | 0, 2, 4 |
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2P1/2 | 1S0 |
Shell structure | ![]() | ![]() |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Gallium has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Palladium has 6 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Parameter | Gallium | Palladium |
---|---|---|
Known Isotopes | 56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 69Ga, 70Ga, 71Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga | 91Pd, 92Pd, 93Pd, 94Pd, 95Pd, 96Pd, 97Pd, 98Pd, 99Pd, 100Pd, 101Pd, 102Pd, 103Pd, 104Pd, 105Pd, 106Pd, 107Pd, 108Pd, 109Pd, 110Pd, 111Pd, 112Pd, 113Pd, 114Pd, 115Pd, 116Pd, 117Pd, 118Pd, 119Pd, 120Pd, 121Pd, 122Pd, 123Pd, 124Pd |
Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 69Ga, 71Ga | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 102Pd, 104Pd, 105Pd, 106Pd, 108Pd, 110Pd |
Neutron Cross Section | 2.9 | 6.9 |
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0015 | 0.0023 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
Property | Gallium | Palladium |
---|---|---|
Valence or Valency | 3 | 4 |
Electronegativity | 1.81 Pauling Scale | 2.2 Pauling Scale |
Electron Affinity | 28.9 kJ/mol | 53.7 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energies | 1st: 578.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1979.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 2963 kJ/mol 4th: 6180 kJ/mol | 1st: 804.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1870 kJ/mol 3rd: 3177 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Property | Gallium | Palladium |
---|---|---|
Density | 5.904 g/cm3 | 12.023 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 11.809 cm3/mol | 8.8514 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
Young Modulus | - | 121 |
Shear Modulus | - | 44 GPa |
Bulk Modulus | - | 180 GPa |
Poisson Ratio | - | 0.39 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
Mohs Hardness | 1.5 MPa | 4.75 MPa |
Vickers Hardness | - | 461 MPa |
Brinell Hardness | 60 MPa | 37.3 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
Electrical Conductivity | 7100000 S/m | 10000000 S/m |
Resistivity | 1.39e-7 m Ω | 1e-7 m Ω |
Superconducting Point | 1.083 | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
Thermal Conductivity | 29 W/(m K) | 72 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | 0.00012 /K | 0.0000118 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
Curie Point | - | - |
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -3e-9 m3/kg | 6.57e-8 m3/kg |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -2.09e-10 m3/mol | 6.992e-9 m3/mol |
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000177 | 0.0007899 |
Optical Properties | ||
Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
Speed of Sound | 2740 m/s | 3070 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Property | Gallium | Palladium |
---|---|---|
Melting Point | 302.91 K | 1828.05 K |
Boiling Point | 2477 K | 3236 K |
Critical Temperature | - | - |
Superconducting Point | 1.083 | - |
Enthalpies | ||
Heat of Fusion | 5.59 kJ/mol | 16.7 kJ/mol |
Heat of Vaporization | 256 kJ/mol | 380 kJ/mol |
Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Parameter | Gallium | Palladium |
---|---|---|
CAS Number | CAS7440-55-3 | CAS7440-05-3 |
RTECS Number | RTECSLW8600000 | RTECSRT3480500 |
DOT Hazard Class | 8 | 4.2 |
DOT Numbers | 2803 | 3200 |
EU Number | - | - |
NFPA Fire Rating | 0 | 0 |
NFPA Health Rating | 1 | 1 |
NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | 0 |
NFPA Hazards | - | - |
AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Gallium and Palladium with other elements of the periodic table.