Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Cadmium vs Vanadium
Compare Cadmium and Vanadium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Cadmium vs Vanadium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Cd vs V on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. Cadmium and Vanadium comparison table on more than 90 properties.
Cadmium and Vanadium Comparison
Facts
| Name | Cadmium | Vanadium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 48 | 23 |
| Atomic Symbol | Cd | V |
| Atomic Weight | 112.411 | 50.9415 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Transition Metal | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 12 | group 5 |
| Group Name | zinc family | vanadium family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 5 | period 4 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 | [Ar] 3d3 4s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 | 2, 8, 11, 2 |
| Melting Point | 594.22 K | 2183 K |
| Boiling Point | 1040 K | 3680 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-43-9 | CAS7440-62-2 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Cadmium | Neighborhood Elements of Vanadium |
History
| Parameter | Cadmium | Vanadium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Cadmium was discovered by S. L Hermann,F. Stromeyer, and J.C.H. Roloff in year 1817 in Germany. Cadmium derived its name from the New Latin cadmia, from King Kadmos. | The element Vanadium was discovered by M. del Río in year 1801 in Mexico and Sweden. Vanadium derived its name from Vanadis, an Old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess Freyja. |
| Discovery | S. L Hermann,F. Stromeyer, and J.C.H. Roloff (1817) | M. del Río (1801) |
| Isolated | S. L Hermann, F. Stromeyer, and J.C.H. Roloff (1817) | N.G.Sefström (1830) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Cadmium | Vanadium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 2 / 0.02 | 1000 / 20 |
| Abundance in Sun | 6 / 0.07 | 400 / 9 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 450 / 60 | 62000 / 23000 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 150 / 30 | 190000 / 75000 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.05 / 0.0028 | 1.5 / 0.18 |
| Abundance in Humans | 700 / 39 | 30 / 4 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Cadmium | Vanadium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 12.995 cm3/mol | 8.3374 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 161 pm | 171 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 148 pm | 125 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 158 pm | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 297.94, 297.94, 561.86 pm | 303, 303, 303 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | Im_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 194 | 229 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Body Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Cadmium | Vanadium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 48 | 23 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 48 | 23 |
| Number of Protons | 48 | 23 |
| Mass Number | 112.411 | 50.9415 |
| Number of Neutrons | 64 | 28 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 | 2, 8, 11, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 | [Ar] 3d3 4s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 4d10 5s2 | 3d3 4s2 |
| Oxidation State | 2 | 2, 3, 4, 5 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 1S0 | 4F3/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Cadmium has 6 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Vanadium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Cadmium | Vanadium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 95Cd, 96Cd, 97Cd, 98Cd, 99Cd, 100Cd, 101Cd, 102Cd, 103Cd, 104Cd, 105Cd, 106Cd, 107Cd, 108Cd, 109Cd, 110Cd, 111Cd, 112Cd, 113Cd, 114Cd, 115Cd, 116Cd, 117Cd, 118Cd, 119Cd, 120Cd, 121Cd, 122Cd, 123Cd, 124Cd, 125Cd, 126Cd, 127Cd, 128Cd, 129Cd, 130Cd, 131Cd, 132Cd | 40V, 41V, 42V, 43V, 44V, 45V, 46V, 47V, 48V, 49V, 50V, 51V, 52V, 53V, 54V, 55V, 56V, 57V, 58V, 59V, 60V, 61V, 62V, 63V, 64V, 65V |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 106Cd, 108Cd, 110Cd, 111Cd, 112Cd, 114Cd | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 51V |
| Neutron Cross Section | 2450 | 5.06 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 1.4 | 0.0033 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Cadmium | Vanadium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 2 | 5 |
| Electronegativity | 1.69 Pauling Scale | 1.63 Pauling Scale |
| Electron Affinity | 0 kJ/mol | 50.6 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 867.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1631.4 kJ/mol 3rd: 3616 kJ/mol | 1st: 650.9 kJ/mol 2nd: 1414 kJ/mol 3rd: 2830 kJ/mol 4th: 4507 kJ/mol 5th: 6298.7 kJ/mol 6th: 12363 kJ/mol 7th: 14530 kJ/mol 8th: 16730 kJ/mol 9th: 19860 kJ/mol 10th: 22240 kJ/mol 11th: 24670 kJ/mol 12th: 29730 kJ/mol 13th: 32446 kJ/mol 14th: 86450 kJ/mol 15th: 94170 kJ/mol 16th: 102300 kJ/mol 17th: 112700 kJ/mol 18th: 121600 kJ/mol 19th: 130700 kJ/mol 20th: 143400 kJ/mol 21st: 151440 kJ/mol 22nd: 661050 kJ/mol 23rd: 699144 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
| Property | Cadmium | Vanadium |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.65 g/cm3 | 6.11 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 12.995 cm3/mol | 8.3374 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 50 | 128 |
| Shear Modulus | 19 GPa | 47 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 42 GPa | 160 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.3 | 0.37 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 2 MPa | 7 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | - | 628 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 203 MPa | 628 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 14000000 S/m | 5000000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 7e-8 m Ω | 2e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 0.517 | 5.4 |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 97 W/(m K) | 31 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000308 /K | 0.0000084 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -2.3e-9 m3/kg | 6.28e-8 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -2.59e-10 m3/mol | 3.199e-9 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000199 | 0.0003837 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 2310 m/s | 4560 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Cadmium | Vanadium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 594.22 K | 2183 K |
| Boiling Point | 1040 K | 3680 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | 0.517 | 5.4 |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 6.3 kJ/mol | 22.8 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 100 kJ/mol | 453 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Cadmium | Vanadium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-43-9 | CAS7440-62-2 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSEU9800000 | - |
| DOT Hazard Class | 6.1 | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 2570 | 3089 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 2 | 1 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 2 | 2 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | 250 °C | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Cadmium and Vanadium with other elements of the periodic table.