Rf - Rutherfordium

104
Rf
Rutherfordium

Rutherfordium Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends, Uses, Comparison with other elements

Element 104 of Periodic table is Rutherfordium with atomic number 104, atomic weight 261. Rutherfordium, symbol Rf, has a Simple Hexagonal structure and color. Rutherfordium is a Transition Metal element. It is part of group 4 (titanium family). Know everything about Rutherfordium Facts, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Electronic configuration, Atomic and Crystal Structure.
104 Rf - Rutherfordium | SchoolMyKids

Rutherfordium is a chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named in honor of physicist Ernest Rutherford. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 267Rf, has a half-life of approximately 1.3 hours. In the periodic table of the elements, it is a d - block element and the second of the fourth - row transition elements.

It belongs to group 4 of the periodic table having trivial name null. You can also download Printable Periodic Table of Elements Flashcards for Rutherfordium in a PDF format.

Rutherfordium Facts

Read key information and facts about element Rutherfordium

NameRutherfordium
Atomic Number104
Atomic SymbolRf
Atomic Weight261
PhaseSolid
Color-
Appearance-
ClassificationTransition Metal
Natural OccuranceSynthetic
Group in Periodic Table4
Group Nametitanium family
Period in Periodic Tableperiod 7
Block in Periodic Tabled-block
Electronic Configuration[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell)2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2
Melting Point-
Boiling Point-
CAS NumberCAS53850-36-5
Neighborhood Elements
123456789101112131415161718
1
1
H
Hydrogen
1.008

Atomic #

Electronic Shell #

Symbol
Name
Atomic Weight
HGas
HgLiquid
CSolid
Metals
Metalloids
NonMetals
Alkali metals
Alkali earth metals
Lanthanoids
Transition metals
Post-transition metals
Other nonmetals
Halogens
Nobel gas
Actinoids
2
He
Helium
4.003
2
3
Li
Lithium
6.941
4
Be
Beryllium
9.012
5
B
Boron
10.811
6
C
Carbon
12.011
7
N
Nitrogen
14.007
8
O
Oxygen
15.999
9
F
Fluorine
18.998
10
Ne
Neon
20.180
3
11
Na
Sodium
22.990
12
Mg
Magnesium
24.305
13
Al
Aluminium
26.982
14
Si
Silicon
28.085
15
P
Phosphorus
30.974
16
S
Sulfur
32.065
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
18
Ar
Argon
39.948
4
19
K
Potassium
39.098
20
Ca
Calcium
40.078
21
Sc
Scandium
44.956
22
Ti
Titanium
47.867
23
V
Vanadium
50.941
24
Cr
Chromium
51.996
25
Mn
Manganese
54.938
26
Fe
Iron
55.845
27
Co
Cobalt
58.933
28
Ni
Nickel
58.693
29
Cu
Copper
63.546
30
Zn
Zinc
65.409
31
Ga
Gallium
69.723
32
Ge
Germanium
72.640
33
As
Arsenic
74.922
34
Se
Selenium
78.960
35
Br
Bromine
79.904
36
Kr
Krypton
83.798
5
37
Rb
Rubidium
85.468
38
Sr
Strontium
87.620
39
Y
Yttrium
88.906
40
Zr
Zirconium
91.224
41
Nb
Niobium
92.906
42
Mo
Molybdenum
95.940
43
Tc
Technetium
98
44
Ru
Ruthenium
101.070
45
Rh
Rhodium
102.906
46
Pd
Palladium
106.420
47
Ag
Silver
107.868
48
Cd
Cadmium
112.411
49
In
Indium
114.818
50
Sn
Tin
118.710
51
Sb
Antimony
121.760
52
Te
Tellurium
127.600
53
I
Iodine
126.904
54
Xe
Xenon
131.293
6
55
Cs
Cesium
132.905
56
Ba
Barium
137.327
57 - 71
La - Lu
Lanthanides
72
Hf
Hafnium
178.490
73
Ta
Tantalum
180.948
74
W
Tungsten
183.840
75
Re
Rhenium
186.207
76
Os
Osmium
190.230
77
Ir
Iridium
192.217
78
Pt
Platinum
195.078
79
Au
Gold
196.967
80
Hg
Mercury
200.590
81
Tl
Thallium
204.383
82
Pb
Lead
207.200
83
Bi
Bismuth
208.980
84
Po
Polonium
209
85
At
Astatine
210
86
Rn
Radon
222
7
87
Fr
Francium
223
88
Ra
Radium
226
89 - 103
Ac - Lr
Actinides
104
Rf
Rutherfordium
261
105
Db
Dubnium
262
106
Sg
Seaborgium
266
107
Bh
Bohrium
264
108
Hs
Hassium
269
109
Mt
Meitnerium
268
110
Ds
Darmstadtium
281
111
Rg
Roentgenium
272
112
Cn
Copernicium
285
113
Nh
Nihonium
284
114
Fl
Flerovium
289
115
Mc
Moscovium
288
116
Lv
Livermorium
292
117
Ts
Tennessine
294
118
Og
Oganesson
294
Lanthanides
57
La
Lanthanum
138.905
58
Ce
Cerium
140.116
59
Pr
Praseodymium
140.908
60
Nd
Neodymium
144.240
61
Pm
Promethium
145
62
Sm
Samarium
150.360
63
Eu
Europium
151.964
64
Gd
Gadolinium
157.250
65
Tb
Terbium
158.925
66
Dy
Dysprosium
162.500
67
Ho
Holmium
164.930
68
Er
Erbium
167.259
69
Tm
Thulium
168.934
70
Yb
Ytterbium
173.040
71
Lu
Lutetium
174.967
Actinides
89
Ac
Actinium
227
90
Th
Thorium
232.038
91
Pa
Protactinium
231.036
92
U
Uranium
238.029
93
Np
Neptunium
237
94
Pu
Plutonium
244
95
Am
Americium
243
96
Cm
Curium
247
97
Bk
Berkelium
247
98
Cf
Californium
251
99
Es
Einsteinium
252
100
Fm
Fermium
257
101
Md
Mendelevium
258
102
No
Nobelium
259
103
Lr
Lawrencium
262

How to Locate Rutherfordium on Periodic Table

Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 104 to find Rutherfordium on periodic table.

Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Rutherfordium on periodic table look for cross section of group 4 and period 7 in the modern periodic table.

Rutherfordium History

The element Rutherfordium was discovered by A. Ghiorso,M. Nurmia,J. Harris,K. Eskola and P. Eskola in year 1969 in Russia and United States. Rutherfordium was first isolated by in . Rutherfordium derived its name from Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist.

Discovered By A. Ghiorso,M. Nurmia,J. Harris,K. Eskola and P. Eskola
Discovery Date 1969 in Russia and United States
First Isolation
Isolated by

Prepared by bombardment of californium with carbon atoms.

Rutherfordium Uses

The element Rutherfordium has No uses outside scientific research. Since element Rutherfordium has extremely short half-lives

Rutherfordium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

As Rutherfordium is a Synthetic element, the abundance of Rutherfordium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body in either not known or they have a very short half life.

Crystal Structure of Rutherfordium

The solid state structure of Rutherfordium is Simple Hexagonal.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

abc

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

alphabetagamma

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group Name-
Space Group Number-
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal
Number of atoms per unit cell
104 Rf Rutherfordium - Crystal Structure | SchoolMyKids

The number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cubic, face-centered cubic and body-centred cubic are 1,4,2 respectively.

Rutherfordium Atomic and Orbital Properties

Rutherfordium atoms have 104 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 3F2.

Atomic Number104
Number of Electrons (with no charge)104
Number of Protons104
Mass Number261
Number of Neutrons157
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2
Electron Configuration[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
Valence Electrons6d2 7s2
Valence (Valency)4
Main Oxidation States4
Oxidation States4
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)3F2

Bohr Atomic Model of Rutherfordium - Electrons per energy level

104 Rf Rutherfordium Electron Shell Structure | SchoolMyKids
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Ground State Electronic Configuration of Rutherfordium - neutral Rutherfordium atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Rutherfordium

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Rutherfordium atom is [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2. The portion of Rutherfordium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Rn]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 6d2 7s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Rutherfordium

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Rutherfordium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 5f14 6d2 7s2

Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.

As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…

The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.

Hund's rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital.

Electron configuration of Rutherfordium

Atomic Structure of Rutherfordium

Rutherfordium atomic radius is -, while it's covalent radius is -.

Atomic Radius Calculated-
Atomic Radius Empirical-
Atomic Volume-
Covalent Radius-
Van der Waals Radius-
Neutron Cross Section-
Neutron Mass Absorption -

Spectral Lines of Rutherfordium - Atomic Spectrum of Rutherfordium

A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from an excess or deficiency of photons in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules.

Spectral lines are the result of interaction between a quantum system and a single photon. A spectral line may be observed either as an emission line or an absorption line.

Spectral lines are highly atom-specific, and can be used to identify the chemical composition of any medium. Several elements, including helium, thallium, and caesium, were discovered by spectroscopic means. They are widely used to determine the physical conditions of stars and other celestial bodies that cannot be analyzed by other means.

Emission spectrum of Rutherfordium

Emission spectrum of Rutherfordium is not available

Absorption spectrum of Rutherfordium

Absorption spectrum of Rutherfordium is not available

Rutherfordium Chemical Properties: Rutherfordium Ionization Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of Rutherfordium is -.

Valence4
Electronegativity-
ElectronAffinity-

Ionization Energy of Rutherfordium

Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or molecule.in chemistry, this energy is expresed in kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol) or kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Rutherfordium

Ionization energy numberEnthalpy - kJ/mol
1st580

Rutherfordium Physical Properties

Refer to below table for Rutherfordium Physical Properties

Density-
Molar Volume-

Elastic Properties

Young Modulus-
Shear Modulus-
Bulk Modulus -
Poisson Ratio-

Hardness of Rutherfordium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Mohs Hardness-
Vickers Hardness-
Brinell Hardness-

Rutherfordium Electrical Properties

Electrical resistivity measures element's electrical resistance or how strongly it resists electric current.The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m). While Electrical conductivity is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity. It represents a element's ability to conduct electric current. The SI unit of electrical conductivity is siemens per metre (S/m).

Rutherfordium is a -. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Rutherfordium

Electrical conductors -
Electrical Conductivity-
Resistivity-
Superconducting Point-

Rutherfordium Heat and Conduction Properties

Thermal Conductivity-
Thermal Expansion-

Rutherfordium Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Type-
Curie Point-
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility-
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility-
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility-

Optical Properties of Rutherfordium

Refractive Index-

Acoustic Properties of Rutherfordium

Speed of Sound-

Rutherfordium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Rutherfordium

Melting Point-
Boiling Point-
Critical Temperature-
Superconducting Point-

Enthalpies of Rutherfordium

Heat of Fusion-
Heat of Vaporization-
Heat of Combustion-

Rutherfordium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Rutherfordium

Rutherfordium has 16 isotopes, with between 253 and 268 nucleons. Rutherfordium has 0 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

Isotopes of Rutherfordium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: -.

IsotopeZNIsotope Mass% AbundanceT halfDecay Mode
253Rf104149253Synthetic
254Rf104150254Synthetic
255Rf104151255Synthetic
256Rf104152256Synthetic
257Rf104153257Synthetic
258Rf104154258Synthetic
259Rf104155259Synthetic
260Rf104156260Synthetic
261Rf104157261Synthetic13.1 hAlphaEmission
262Rf104158262Synthetic
263Rf104159263Synthetic
264Rf104160264Synthetic
265Rf104161265Synthetic
266Rf104162266Synthetic
267Rf104163267Synthetic
268Rf104164268Synthetic

Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) identifies hazard class of all dangerous elements/goods/commodities either by its class (or division) number or name. The DOT has divided these materials into nine different categories, known as Hazard Classes.

NFPA 704 is a Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response. NFPA is a standard maintained by the US based National Fire Protection Association.

The health (blue), flammability (red), and reactivity (yellow) rating all use a numbering scale ranging from 0 to 4. A value of zero means that the element poses no hazard; a rating of four indicates extreme danger.

Autoignition Point-
Flashpoint-

Database Search

List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases

DatabaseIdentifier number
CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)CAS53850-36-5
RTECS Number-
CID Number -
Gmelin Number-
NSC Number-

Compare Rutherfordium with other elements

Compare Rutherfordium with Group 4, Period 7 and Transition Metal elements of the periodic table.

Compare Rutherfordium with all Group 4 elements

Compare Rutherfordium with all Period 7 elements

Compare Rutherfordium with all Transition Metal elements

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Find the answers to the most frequently asked questions about Rutherfordium

The electronic configuration of Rutherfordium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 5f14 6d2 7s2.

The abbreviated electronic configuration of Rutherfordium is [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2. To form abbreviated notation of electronic configuration, the completely filled subshells are replaced by the noble gas of the preceding period in square brackets.

Symbol of Rutherfordium is Rf. Rutherfordium is a chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104.

Rutherfordium is a chemical element with the symbol Rf and atomic number 104. Rutherfordium is the 104 element on the periodic table. It is located in group 4 and period 7 in the modern periodic table.

The atomic number of Rutherfordium is 104.

Rutherfordium is of color.

The element Rutherfordium was discovered by A. Ghiorso,M. Nurmia,J. Harris,K. Eskola and P. Eskola in year 1969 in Russia and United States. Rutherfordium was first isolated by undefined in undefined.

Rutherfordium has 4 valence electrons. Rutherfordium has 104 electrons out of which 4 valence electrons are present in the 6d2 7s2 outer orbitals of atom.

Melting Point of Rutherfordium is Unknown.

Boiling Point of Rutherfordium is Unknown.

Melting Point of Rutherfordium in Kelvin is Unknown.

Boiling Point of Rutherfordium in Kelvin is Unknown.

Melting Point of Rutherfordium in Celsius is Unknown.

Boiling Point of Rutherfordium in Celsius is Unknown.

Melting Point of Rutherfordium in Fahrenheit is Unknown.

Boiling Point of Rutherfordium in Fahrenheit is Unknown.

The electronic configuration of Rutherfordium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 5f14 6d2 7s2.

The electronic configuration of Rutherfordium will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 5f14 6d2 7s2.